Method and article for producing shaded designs



May 6, 1941. w. SWAYSLAND 2,240,945

METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PRODUCING SHADED DESIGNS I Filed March 16, 1938 FIG.- 3

FIG.- I

.FIG.- 6

FIG.- 5

FIG.- 4

FIG.- 8

v INVENTOR H6.- I WILLIAM SWAYSLAND BY Mfizyflw FIG. IIO

ATTORN EYS "UNITED STATES PATENT o-FFica METHOD AND ABTIGE FOR PBODUOIN G SHADE!) DESIGNS William Swaylland, Cleveland, out Application March 16, 19:8, Serial No. 196,149.

14 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in sheets designed for photographic reproduction and more particularly to sheets designed to receive an artist's drawing or the like where it is desired to produce shaded portions, stippling, half-tone efiects and the like on difi'erent portions of the. sheet.

An object of the present invention therefore is g to provide a sheet having potential design patterns photographically invisible on the sheet and preferably also substantially invisible to the eye.

These patterns are provided in novel arrangement and with the use of novel materials whereby improved effects are possible not heretofore known.

An object of the present invention is to provide a plurality of possible shading effects by the developing of one or morepatterns arranged invisibly upon the artist's sheet. In one form of sheet here disclosed three different shading effects are possible and in another form four diiIer- 7 cut effects may be produced.

the accompanying drawing and specification and the essential features will be set forth in the claims.

In all of the drawings accompanying this specification, the designs have been greatly enlarged so that their arrangement may be understood and portions of the patterns which are substantially invisible are shown either in white or indicated by broken lines.

In the drawing,

Fig. 1 represents a=pattern photographically printed, developed and fixed on a sheet;

Fig. 2 represents the sheet of Fig. 1 with the pattern bleached but potentially available for redevelopment; Fig. 2 also represents a sheet having a substantially invisible design printed thereon by the use of a printin press only and without the photographic process;

Fig. 3 is the sheet of Fig. 2 with a second substantially invisible design placed over the first design;

Fig. 4 illustrates one manner of developing the sheet of Fig. 3 sothat the first design is partially developed to visibility;

Fig. 5 shows a second manner of developing the sheet of Fig. 3 where the first design is wholly developed to visibility;

Fig. 6 shows a. third manner of developing the sheet of Fig. 3 where the second design is developed to visibility;

Fig. 7 shows a fourth manner of developingthe sheet of Fig. 3 wherein both designs are developed to visibility;

Fig. 8 represents a sheet which may be produced in one of two ways, either the sheet may have a light-sensitive coating entirely covering it, which coating is printed by exposure to light, fixed, washed and then bleached so that it is substantially white but may be redeveloped to visibility; Fig. 8 also represents a sheet which has had a solid coating of a substantially invisible nature but which is capable of chemical development to visibility; V

Fig. 9 shows the sheet of Fig. 8 with a second design printed thereon andsubsta'ntially invis ible;

Fig. 10shows one manner of developing the sheet of Fig. 9 wherein the superimposed design is developed;

Fig. 11 shows in the upper left-hand corner a second manner of developing the sheet of Fig. 9

' wherein the background is developed to visibility and the lower right-hand corner of this figure shows a third manner of developing the sheet of Fig. 9 where both the background and the superimposed design are developed to visibility; while Fig. 12 shows another effect obtainable from i the sheet of Fig. 9 wherein at the upper left cor- I have illustrated this first design as comprising a grille l5 of parallel lines extending diagonally upward toward'the left. This design may be printed on the light-sensitive film, then developed, fixed and washed, giving the result illustrated in a greatly enlarged fashion in Fig. 1. This sheet is then bleached by the use of a mercuric chloride solution so that the design becomes photographically invisible and for all practical purposes invisible to the eye. The sheet in curic chloride and dry the same.

this form is illustrated in Fig; 2 where the lines of Fig. 1 have been shown in broken lines to indicate that they are now substantially invisible. The lines in this condition I have marked I it."

The sheet of Fig. 2 may also be formed in another manner, by first preparing a pigment from a light-sensitive salt and later using that pigment to print the design'of Fig. 2 by the use of a printing press only, One manner of forming such a pigment from "a. light-sensitive salt will now be described.

I first mix together the following materials:

I then evaporate this solution to dryness and expose to light. The powder is then washed well and turns substantially black because the silver nitrate has been turned to black metallic silver. This powder I then bleach with a solution of mer- ,The above powder will be substantially white and when mixed with a suitable vehicle may be used to print any desired design upon a sheet. This pigment to the best of my knowledge is silver chloride plus mercurous chloride or silver mercurous chloride and by the latter term as hereinafter used in the specification and claims I include a pigment formed from a light-sensitive salt utilizing the above teaching. This pigment may be mixed with a printer's varnish and then used with a printing press and a properly prepared plate to print the design of Fig. 2. v

In any case after the sheet of Fig. 2 is prepared with the substantially invisible design thereon, a second design is superimposed thereon using a suitable white sulphide which may be turned black by the use of a soluble metallic salt which produces a black sulphide-such as the salts of copper, cobalt, nickel, lead and the like. In Fig. 3 I have shown the sheet of Fig. 2 on which I have printed a second design I62 using zinc sulphide in printer's varnish. I find that the commercial zinc sulphide will not release its sulphur in a satisfactory manner to permit easy development. I therefore prefer to precipitate the zinc sulphide from a mixture of zinc acetate solution with sodium sulphide solution. after which the white precipitate is washed and dried and mixed with printer's varnish. I

The design IBi of Fig. v3 may be any desired second design but in the form shown I have used a second grille of parallel lines sloping diagonally upward and toward the right. If desired, the second grille may be of a different density from the first grille, that is to say, the lines may be of different width or differently spaced. The reason for this will appear when Figs. 5 and 6 are discussed. I

The sheet of Fig. 3 with two invisible designs thereon is now ready to receive an artists line drawing or other similar image. In preparing such a sheet for photographic reproduction it is often desired to shade various portions of the image or of the sheet with line shading, stippling or the like to produce any of the usual Ben Day effects. My improved sheet provides a plurality of such effects which have not been known heretofore. In Fig. 4 I have developed a portion of the first design I5 by the use of a solution of hypo or preferably hypo plus sodium sulphite. A suitable solution is as follows:

- Ounces Sodium sulphite (dry) 1% Hypo (dry) 1% Water (fluid) 40 Alcohol (fluid) 4 This solution I shall hereinafter refer to as solution No. 1.

This solution No. 1 is applied to the desired portion of the sheet of Fig. 3 as by means of-a brush and if left on fora short time after which the excess is taken up with a blotter, the resultof Fig. 4 will be produced. This is due to the fact that the developer solution is unable in a short time to penetrate the printer's varnish which is utilized in forming the pattern iii.

7 Therefore this pattern physically protects the portions of the pattern I51 which underlie it.

The result as shown in Fig. 4 is a stlppled eilect of broken black lines on a white background.

A second manner of developing any desired portionof the sheet of Fig. 3 is shown in Fig. 5 where the pattern Iii has been fully developed to again show the pattern It. This may be accomplished either by leaving the developer solution No. 1 on the sheet for a longer period of time so that the alcohol of the solution permeates the varnish of the design Iii or if an eraser is used on the desired portions to physically remove something of the design I61, thereafter when the solution No. 1 is applied the lines I! will appear in full as shown in Fig. 5. This gives a line shading effect.

A third manner of developing a desired portion of the sheet of Fig. 3 is shown in Fig. 6 where a developer solution is applied to the design Iii which has no effect upon the design I 5i. This solution comprises:

Ounces Water (fluid) 4 Alcohol (fluid) 1 Lead nitrate (dry) 1 Few drops nitric acid.

density than the grille I5 I obtain a different shading effect entirely apart from the different direction of the lines.

In Fig. 7 a fourth manner of developing the sheet of Fig. 3 is shown wherein developer solutions No. 1 and No. 2 are applied separately to the sheet, each developing its own design. This gives a cross-hatching effect.

In find that the sheet of Fig. 3 when formed by using the printing press method of applying both designs works more efflciently if the following process step is carried out. After both designs have been printed as shown in Fig.- 3 the sheet is dried for four or five hours and then given a. momentary dip in carbon tetrachloride or other solvent for the printer's varnish. The sheet is then immediately dried and the effect of this dip into the solvent seems to put the printer's varnish in better shape to be attacked by the water solu-' tions set forth as developers No. 1 and No. 2. Another method of arriving at this result is to print the sheet of Fig. 2 using the pigment of silver mercurous chloride previously referred to, drying the design l5i and then giving the momentary dip in the varnish solvent. after which pigment, after which the sheet is dried and Biven another momentary dip in the carbon tetrachloride.

Another form of sheet is shown in Figs. 8 to 12. The first step in forming this sheet is to produce a substantially solid and uninterrupted background coating lli either by a photographic procsubstantially invisible coating in of Fig.8. An-

other manner of forming this coating is to take the pigment of silver mercurous chloride previously referred to to make a coating on the sheet which will also be referred to by the reference character Hi. In either case the prepared sheet of Fig. 8 has superimposed thereon any desired design which may be developed to photographic visibility without affecting visibility of the background lli. I have here illustrated a design of equally spaced dots I81. This design may be formed on the sheet of Fig. 8 using a pigment of zinc sulphide mixed with printers varnish as previously described.

developer thereto, and ,a second design superimposed on portions of said'first named design,

said second design being of a substance 'impervious to immediate penetration by suicideveloper, whereby said first design maybe developed if .desired only in those portions not covered by said second design.

One manner of developing the sheet of Fig. 9

in desired portions is shown in Fig.'10. Here solution No. 2 has been applied, developing the design I81 to photographic visibility as indicated at l8. This gives a black dot on a white background.

A second manner of developing the sheet of Fig. 9 in desired portions is shown in the upper left-hand corner of Fig. 11. Here the developer solution No. 1 has been applied to the sheet so as to bring back to photographic visibility the solid background which is here shown at H, giving a black background upon which appear white dots.

A third manner of developing the sheet of Fig. 9 is shown in the lower right-hand corner of Fig. 11 where solutions No. 1 and No. 2 have been applied separately to the sheet, developing both the background and the superimposed pattern, giving a substantially solid black effect. It goes without saying that the portions of the sheet shown centrally in Fig. 11 where neither developer solution is used will be substantially white and photographically invisible.

Still another effect obtainable on the sheet of- Fig. 9 is shown in Fig. 12. Here the upper left corner has been developed by applying solution No. 2 to develop dots l8 to visibility,'giving a black dot on a white background. After this portion of the sheet has dried for a few minutes, solution No. 1 is applied to the adjoining portion of the sheet to develop the background IT to visibility with the dots either black or white as desired. I find that the background at is will remain invisible even if solution No. 1 is brushed over thissurface (and removed fairly soon with a blotter or the like) after the surface at I! has once been coated with solution No. 2. This enables the artist to follow a clear-cut line between the two shaded portions without fear of the dark background encroaching on the white background, a result which is novel to the best of my knowledge.

What I claim is: g

1. In a sheet for photographic reproduction, a shading design on the surface of said sheet which is normally photograpically invisible and adapted to be developed to visibility by application of a 2 In a sheet for photographic reproduction, a solid background coating on said sheet normally photographically invisible but developable to visibility, and a shading design on said background normally photographically invisible and adapted to be developed to visibility independently of said background development.

3. The method of forming a composite sheet for photographic reproduction comprising forming on said sheet a design of silver mercurous chloride, printing a second design of zinc sulphide in printers varnish superimposed in part on said first design, forming an image on the prepared sheet, and developing said first design to photographic visibility with an application of developer ineffective to penetrate the overlying portions of said second design, whereby said first design is interrupted at said portions.

4. The method of forming a sheet for photographic reproductio'n comprising printing on said sheet a design of silver mercurous chloride in printer varnish, printing thereover a second design of zinc sulphide in printers varnish, and finally substantially drying said sheet, then momentarily dipping the same in a varnish solvent and again drying the sheet.

5. The method of forming a sheet for photographic reproduction comprising printing on said sheet a design of silver mercurous chloride in printer's varnish, drying said design, dipping said sheet momentarily in a varnish solvent, drying said sheet, printing a second design of zinc sulphide in printers varnish, dipping said sheet momentarily in varnish solvent and drying.

6. The method of forming a sheet for photographic reproduction comprising forming a lightsensitive coating on said sheet, photographlcally printing a shading design on said coating, fixing said design, bleaching said design to photographic invisibility, printing on said sheet a second shading design of zinc sulphide in printers varnish, drying said second design, momentarily washing said second design with a varnish solvent, and drying said sheet.

'1. The process of producing camera copy containing a superficial drawing embellished with shading eifects, comprising the steps of preparing a photographic print on silver print paper consisting of a pattern of line rules running in one direction, blanching said pattern to render the same invisible to the eye and to the camera, imposing a second image on the surface containing said photographic image; said second image being invisible to the eye and to the camera and consisting of a pattern of line rules intersecting the line rules of said photographic image, then applyinga solution to the surface containing said images to render visible to the eye and to the camera a third image consisting of a pattern of aligned dots. I

-8. As an article of manufacture, a sheet having a portion coated with a white chloride containing mercury in combination and a portion coated with zinc sulphide, one of said portions being con tinuous over the entire surface of the sheet and the other of said portions being discontinuous forming a pattern.

9. Camera copy for photographic reproduction comprising a. surface containing in part a visible superficial image oi. line drawings. a visible impregnated image consisting of a halt-tone or shading pattern of aligned dots, a visible imsecting lines.

10. The process of producing camera copy containing an artist's design embellished with shading effects, comprising the steps of preparing on a sheet a pattern-of line rules running in one (11! rection and invisible to the camera and capable of being developed to visibility, imposing a second pattern on said sheet invisible to the camera and consisting of line-rules intersecting the lines of said first named pattern and capable of being developed to visibility, then applying a solution to an area of the sheet containing said patterns to develop said first named pattern to camera visibility without affecting the invisibility of said second named pattern in that area, and applying another solution to an area of said sheet to develop said second named pattern to'camera visibility without affecting the invisibility of said first named pattern in said last named area.

11. The process of producing camera copy containing an artist's design embellished with shading efiects, comprising the steps of preparing on a sheet a pattern of line rules running in one direction and invisible to the camera and capable of being developed to visibility, imposing a second pattern on said sheet invisible to the camera and consisting of line rules intersecting the lines of said first named pattern and capable of being developed to visibility, then applying a solution to the sheet containing said patterns to render visible to the camera, a third image consisting of discontinuous portions of one of said patterns.

12. The method of forming a sheet for photographic reprcduction comprising covering an area of said sheet with a substance invisible to the eye and to the camera and capable of being developed to visibility, superimposing on portions of said area a protective coating leaving other portions of said area uncoated to form an invisible design there and capable of being developed to visibility, applying to said sheet a developer adapted to develop to visibility said uncoated portions of said area, said developer having the property of dissolving and permeating said protective coating adjacent said uncoated portions, and varying the extent of said portions of said area developed to visibility by varying the time of application of said developer to permit moreor less permeation of said protective coating adjacent said uncoated portions.

13. The process of producing camera copy containing an artist's design embellished with shading eflects, comprising the steps of preparing on 'a sheet a pattern invisible to. the camera and capable of being developed to visibility, imposing a second pattern on said sheet invisible to the camera and capable of being developed to visibility, then applying a solution to an area of the sheet containing said patterns to develop said first named pattern to camera visibility without afiecting the invisibility of said second named pattern in that area, and applying another solution to an area. of said sheet to develop said second named pattern to camera visibility without aifecting the invisibility of said first named p-attern in said last named area. 7

14. The process of producing camera copy containing an artists design embellished with shading ,efiects, comprising the steps of preparing the entire surface of a sheet with a background substance invisible to the camera and capable of being developed to visibility, imposing on said background a'discontinuous shading pattern invisible to the camera, and capable of being developed to visibility, then applying to an area of said sheet a solution to develop said background substance to camera visibility without affecting the invisibility of said pattern in that area, and applying another solution to an area of said sheet to develop said pattern to camera. visibility without affecting the invisibility of said background substance in said last named area.

WILLIAM SWAYSLAND. 

